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示波器 [2016/08/01 13:59] gongyu [参考设计] |
示波器 [2019/03/10 18:28] (当前版本) gongyu [参考设计] |
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| - | 示波器，英文叫oscilloscope, 以前也称为oscillograph, 正式名字叫scope, CRO (阴极摄像管示波器), 或DSO (现在的数字示波器), 是电子测量仪器的一种，它能够观察固定变化的信号电压, 并将一个或多个信号的幅度以时间函数的方式进行二维显示，其它的信号比如声音或震动等可以转换成电压信号进行转换并显示。{{ :440px-crt_oscilloscope.png |阴极射线管内部结构}} | + | ===== 关于示波器 ===== |
| - | <WRAP centeralign>**阴极射线管内部结构** </WRAP> | + | 示波器，英文叫oscilloscope, 以前也称为oscillograph, 正式名字叫scope, CRO (阴极摄像管示波器), 或DSO (现在的数字示波器), 是电子测量仪器的一种，它能够观察固定变化的信号电压, 并将一个或多个信号的幅度以时间函数的方式进行二维显示，其它的信号比如声音或震动等可以转换成电压信号进行转换并显示。 |
| - | {{ :oscilloscopetek475a.jpg |Tektronix公司推出的475A型便携式模拟示波器，上世纪70年代的主流仪器}} | + | |
| - | <WRAP centeralign> Tektronix公司推出的475A型便携式模拟示波器，上世纪70年代的主流仪器 </WRAP> | + | |
| - | 示波器被用来观察电信号随时间的变化，并在屏幕上以校准好的标尺将电压和时间显示出来，并能够分析被观察的波形的参数比如幅度、频率、上升时间、时间间隔、失真等。现在的数字仪器都可以计算并直接显示这些参数。 | + | {{ :440px-crt_oscilloscope.png |阴极射线管内部结构}}<WRAP centeralign>**阴极射线管内部结构** </WRAP> |
| - | {{ :picoscope6000cdlaptop.jpg |}} | + | {{ :oscilloscopetek475a.jpg |Tektronix公司推出的475A型便携式模拟示波器，上世纪70年代的主流仪器}}<WRAP centeralign> Tektronix公司推出的475A型便携式模拟示波器，上世纪70年代的主流仪器 </WRAP> |
| - | <WRAP centeralign>**PicoScope公司生产的基于USB的数字示波器** </WRAP> | + | |
| + | 示波器被用来观察电信号随时间的变化，并在屏幕上以校准好的标尺将电压和时间显示出来，并能够分析被观察的波形的参数比如幅度、频率、上升时间、时间间隔、失真等。现在的数字仪器都可以计算并直接显示这些参数。 | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ :picoscope6000cdlaptop.jpg |}} <WRAP centeralign>**PicoScope公司生产的基于USB的数字示波器** </WRAP> | ||
| + | |||
| 示波器通过调整可以将重复的信号连续地在屏幕上显示，存储示波器可以捕捉单次事件并以相对较长的时间进行显示，这样可以观察到不容易直接接收到的快速变化的事件。 | 示波器通过调整可以将重复的信号连续地在屏幕上显示，存储示波器可以捕捉单次事件并以相对较长的时间进行显示，这样可以观察到不容易直接接收到的快速变化的事件。 | ||
| - | {{ :handheld_oscilloscope_shs800.jpg |}} | + | {{ :handheld_oscilloscope_shs800.jpg |}} <WRAP centeralign>**Siglent公司生产的手持式数字存储示波器** </WRAP> |
| - | <WRAP centeralign>**Siglent公司生产的手持式数字存储示波器** </WRAP> | + | |
| 示波器被广泛用在科研、医疗、工程以及电信领域，通用的仪器被用在电子设备和实验室工作的维护中，专用的示波器可以用来比如分析汽车点火系统或在医疗中显示心跳的波形等。 | 示波器被广泛用在科研、医疗、工程以及电信领域，通用的仪器被用在电子设备和实验室工作的维护中，专用的示波器可以用来比如分析汽车点火系统或在医疗中显示心跳的波形等。 | ||
| - | Before the advent of digital electronics, oscilloscopes used cathode ray tubes (CRTs) as their display element (hence were commonly referred to as CROs) and linear amplifiers for signal processing. Storage oscilloscopes used special storage CRTs to maintain a steady display of a single brief signal. CROs were later largely superseded by digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) with thin panel displays, fast analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. DSOs without integrated displays (sometimes known as digitisers) are available at lower cost and use a general-purpose digital computer to process and display waveforms. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====功能和应用==== | ||
| - | ===综述=== | ||
| {{ :wtpc_oscilloscope-1.jpg |}} | {{ :wtpc_oscilloscope-1.jpg |}} | ||
| <WRAP centeralign>**通用的示波器** </WRAP> | <WRAP centeralign>**通用的示波器** </WRAP> | ||
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| ===探头=== | ===探头=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | =====分类===== | ||
| + | =====主要厂商===== | ||
| + | =====关键指标===== | ||
| + | ====模拟带宽==== | ||
| + | ====采样率==== | ||
| + | ====灵敏度==== | ||
| + | ====动态范围==== | ||
| + | ====存储深度==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | =====主要功能和使用===== | ||
| + | ====探头==== | ||
| Open wire test leads (flying leads) are likely to pick up interference, so they are not suitable for low level signals. Furthermore, the leads have a high inductance, so they are not suitable for high frequencies. Using a shielded cable (i.e., coaxial cable) is better for low level signals. Coaxial cable also has lower inductance, but it has higher capacitance: a typical 50 ohm cable has about 90 pF per meter. Consequently, a one-meter direct (1X) coaxial probe will load a circuit with a capacitance of about 110 pF and a resistance of 1 megohm. | Open wire test leads (flying leads) are likely to pick up interference, so they are not suitable for low level signals. Furthermore, the leads have a high inductance, so they are not suitable for high frequencies. Using a shielded cable (i.e., coaxial cable) is better for low level signals. Coaxial cable also has lower inductance, but it has higher capacitance: a typical 50 ohm cable has about 90 pF per meter. Consequently, a one-meter direct (1X) coaxial probe will load a circuit with a capacitance of about 110 pF and a resistance of 1 megohm. | ||
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| A more-sophisticated probe includes a magnetic flux sensor (Hall effect sensor) in the magnetic circuit. The probe connects to an amplifier, which feeds (low frequency) current into the coil to cancel the sensed field; the magnitude of that current provides the low-frequency part of the current waveform, right down to DC. The coil still picks up high frequencies. There is a combining network akin to a loudspeaker crossover network. | A more-sophisticated probe includes a magnetic flux sensor (Hall effect sensor) in the magnetic circuit. The probe connects to an amplifier, which feeds (low frequency) current into the coil to cancel the sensed field; the magnitude of that current provides the low-frequency part of the current waveform, right down to DC. The coil still picks up high frequencies. There is a combining network akin to a loudspeaker crossover network. | ||
| + | ====耦合和极性==== | ||
| + | ====面板操作==== | ||
| + | ====扫描==== | ||
| + | ====触发==== | ||
| + | ====存储==== | ||
| + | ====参数测量==== | ||
| + | ====频谱分析==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | =====示波器的制作===== | ||
| + | ====硬件==== | ||
| + | ====软件==== | ||
| + | ====参考设计案例==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | =====参考资料===== | ||
| + | ====使用说明书==== | ||
| + | ====使用XYZ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | =====使用技巧===== | ||
| ====前面板控制==== | ====前面板控制==== | ||
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| [[Analog Discovery 2 参考手册]] | [[Analog Discovery 2 参考手册]] | ||
| + | [[基于树莓派的双通道高速ADC的设计]] | ||